breast cancer

Details about this human disease

Synonyms (7)

breast tumor, mammary cancer, mammary tumor, malignant tumor of the breast, mammary neoplasm, primary breast cancer, malignant neoplasm of breast


Definitions (2)

Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]., A thoracic cancer that originates in the mammary gland.


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GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

The German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer HBOC has been founded in 1996 by the German Cancer Aid and has been funded by the German Cancer Aid until recently. GC-HBOC currently comprises 17 university centers providing genetic counseling, histopathological and molecular tissue analysis, genetic testing, and specific structured surveillance programs for early cancer detection at each clinical unit, all based on defined standard operating procedures.

Programme: LIFE Management Cluster

Public web page: http://www.konsortium-familiaerer-brustkrebs.de/

Start date: 1st Jan 1996

Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy, natural menopause, and breast cancer risk: an international prospective cohort of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Abstract (Expand)

BACKGROUND The effect of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) on breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers is uncertain. Retrospective analyses have suggested a protective effect …t but may be substantially biased. Prospective studies have had limited power, particularly for BRCA2 mutation carriers. Further, previous studies have not considered the effect of RRSO in the context of natural menopause. METHODS A multi-centre prospective cohort of 2272 BRCA1 and 1605 BRCA2 mutation carriers was followed for a mean of 5.4 and 4.9 years, respectively; 426 women developed incident breast cancer. RRSO was modelled as a time-dependent covariate in Cox regression, and its effect assessed in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. RESULTS There was no association between RRSO and breast cancer for BRCA1 (HR = 1.23; 95% CI 0.94-1.61) or BRCA2 (HR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.62-1.24) mutation carriers. For BRCA2 mutation carriers, HRs were 0.68 (95% CI 0.40-1.15) and 1.07 (95% CI 0.69-1.64) for RRSO carried out before or after age 45 years, respectively. The HR for BRCA2 mutation carriers decreased with increasing time since RRSO (HR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.26-0.99 for 5 years or longer after RRSO). Estimates for premenopausal women were similar. CONCLUSION We found no evidence that RRSO reduces breast cancer risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers. A potentially beneficial effect for BRCA2 mutation carriers was observed, particularly after 5 years following RRSO. These results may inform counselling and management of carriers with respect to RRSO.

Authors: Nasim Mavaddat, Antonis C. Antoniou, Thea M. Mooij, Maartje J. Hooning, Bernadette A. Heemskerk-Gerritsen, Catherine Noguès, Marion Gauthier-Villars, Olivier Caron, Paul Gesta, Pascal Pujol, Alain Lortholary, Daniel Barrowdale, Debra Frost, D. Gareth Evans, Louise Izatt, Julian Adlard, Ros Eeles, Carole Brewer, Marc Tischkowitz, Alex Henderson, Jackie Cook, Diana Eccles, Klaartje van Engelen, Marian J. E. Mourits, Margreet G. E. M. Ausems, Linetta B. Koppert, John L. Hopper, Esther M. John, Wendy K. Chung, Irene L. Andrulis, Mary B. Daly, Saundra S. Buys, Javier Benitez, Trinidad Caldes, Anna Jakubowska, Jacques Simard, Christian F. Singer, Yen Tan, Edith Olah, Marie Navratilova, Lenka Foretova, Anne-Marie Gerdes, Marie-José Roos-Blom, Flora E. van Leeuwen, Brita Arver, Håkan Olsson, Rita K. Schmutzler, Christoph Engel, Karin Kast, Kelly-Anne Phillips, Mary Beth Terry, Roger L. Milne, David E. Goldgar, Matti A. Rookus, Nadine Andrieu, Douglas F. Easton

Date Published: 1st Dec 2020

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

Correction to: Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy, natural menopause, and breast cancer risk: an international prospective cohort of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Abstract

After publication of the original article [1], we were notified that columns in Table 2 were erroneously displayed.

Authors: Nasim Mavaddat, Antonis C. Antoniou, Thea M. Mooij, Maartje J. Hooning, Bernadette A. Heemskerk-Gerritsen, Catherine Noguès, Marion Gauthier-Villars, Olivier Caron, Paul Gesta, Pascal Pujol, Alain Lortholary, Daniel Barrowdale, Debra Frost, D. Gareth Evans, Louise Izatt, Julian Adlard, Ros Eeles, Carole Brewer, Marc Tischkowitz, Alex Henderson, Jackie Cook, Diana Eccles, Klaartje van Engelen, Marian J. E. Mourits, Margreet G. E. M. Ausems, Linetta B. Koppert, John L. Hopper, Esther M. John, Wendy K. Chung, Irene L. Andrulis, Mary B. Daly, Saundra S. Buys, Javier Benitez, Trinidad Caldes, Anna Jakubowska, Jacques Simard, Christian F. Singer, Yen Tan, Edith Olah, Marie Navratilova, Lenka Foretova, Anne-Marie Gerdes, Marie-José Roos-Blom, Flora E. van Leeuwen, Brita Arver, Håkan Olsson, Rita K. Schmutzler, Christoph Engel, Karin Kast, Kelly-Anne Phillips, Mary Beth Terry, Roger L. Milne, David E. Goldgar, Matti A. Rookus, Nadine Andrieu, Douglas F. Easton

Date Published: 1st Dec 2020

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

Characterization of the Cancer Spectrum in Men With Germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 Pathogenic Variants: Results From the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA)
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Abstract (Expand)

Importance The limited data on cancer phenotypes in men with germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants (PVs) have hampered the development of evidence-based recommendations for early cancer detection …n and risk reduction in this population. Objective To compare the cancer spectrum and frequencies between male BRCA1 and BRCA2 PV carriers. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study of 6902 men, including 3651 BRCA1 and 3251 BRCA2 PV carriers, older than 18 years recruited from cancer genetics clinics from 1966 to 2017 by 53 study groups in 33 countries worldwide collaborating through the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). Clinical data and pathologic characteristics were collected. Main Outcomes and Measures BRCA1/2 status was the outcome in a logistic regression, and cancer diagnoses were the independent predictors. All odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for age, country of origin, and calendar year of the first interview. Results Among the 6902 men in the study (median [range] age, 51.6 [18-100] years), 1634 cancers were diagnosed in 1376 men (19.9%), the majority (922 of 1,376 [67%]) being BRCA2 PV carriers. Being affected by any cancer was associated with a higher probability of being a BRCA2, rather than a BRCA1, PV carrier (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 2.81-3.70; P \textless .001), as well as developing 2 (OR, 7.97; 95% CI, 5.47-11.60; P \textless .001) and 3 (OR, 19.60; 95% CI, 4.64-82.89; P \textless .001) primary tumors. A higher frequency of breast (OR, 5.47; 95% CI, 4.06-7.37; P \textless .001) and prostate (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.09-1.78; P = .008) cancers was associated with a higher probability of being a BRCA2 PV carrier. Among cancers other than breast and prostate, pancreatic cancer was associated with a higher probability (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.55-5.81; P = .001) and colorectal cancer with a lower probability (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29-0.78; P = .003) of being a BRCA2 PV carrier. Conclusions and Relevance Significant differences in the cancer spectrum were observed in male BRCA2, compared with BRCA1, PV carriers. These data may inform future recommendations for surveillance of BRCA1/2-associated cancers and guide future prospective studies for estimating cancer risks in men with BRCA1/2 PVs.

Authors: Valentina Silvestri, Goska Leslie, Daniel R. Barnes, Bjarni A. Agnarsson, Kristiina Aittomäki, Elisa Alducci, Irene L. Andrulis, Rosa B. Barkardottir, Alicia Barroso, Daniel Barrowdale, Javier Benitez, Bernardo Bonanni, Ake Borg, Saundra S. Buys, Trinidad Caldés, Maria A. Caligo, Carlo Capalbo, Ian Campbell, Wendy K. Chung, Kathleen B. M. Claes, Sarah V. Colonna, Laura Cortesi, Fergus J. Couch, Miguel de La Hoya, Orland Diez, Yuan Chun Ding, Susan Domchek, Douglas F. Easton, Bent Ejlertsen, Christoph Engel, D. Gareth Evans, Lidia Feliubadalò, Lenka Foretova, Florentia Fostira, Lajos Géczi, Anne-Marie Gerdes, Gord Glendon, Andrew K. Godwin, David E. Goldgar, Eric Hahnen, Frans B. L. Hogervorst, John L. Hopper, Peter J. Hulick, Claudine Isaacs, Angel Izquierdo, Paul A. James, Ramunas Janavicius, Uffe Birk Jensen, Esther M. John, Vijai Joseph, Irene Konstantopoulou, Allison W. Kurian, Ava Kwong, Elisabetta Landucci, Fabienne Lesueur, Jennifer T. Loud, Eva Machackova, Phuong L. Mai, Keivan Majidzadeh-A, Siranoush Manoukian, Marco Montagna, Lidia Moserle, Anna Marie Mulligan, Katherine L. Nathanson, Heli Nevanlinna, Joanne Ngeow Yuen Ye, Liene Nikitina-Zake, Kenneth Offit, Edith Olah, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, Ana Osorio, Laura Papi, Sue K. Park, Inge Sokilde Pedersen, Pedro Perez-Segura, Annabeth H. Petersen, Pedro Pinto, Berardino Porfirio, Miquel Angel Pujana, Paolo Radice, Johanna Rantala, Muhammad U. Rashid, Barak Rosenzweig, Maria Rossing, Marta Santamariña, Rita K. Schmutzler, Leigha Senter, Jacques Simard, Christian F. Singer, Angela R. Solano, Melissa C. Southey, Linda Steele, Zoe Steinsnyder, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, Yen Yen Tan, Manuel R. Teixeira, Soo H. Teo, Mary Beth Terry, Mads Thomassen, Amanda E. Toland, Sara Torres-Esquius, Nadine Tung, Christi J. van Asperen, Ana Vega, Alessandra Viel, Jeroen Vierstraete, Barbara Wappenschmidt, Jeffrey N. Weitzel, Greet Wieme, Sook-Yee Yoon, Kristin K. Zorn, Lesley McGuffog, Michael T. Parsons, Ute Hamann, Mark H. Greene, Judy A. Kirk, Susan L. Neuhausen, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Marc Tischkowitz, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Antonis C. Antoniou, Eitan Friedman, Laura Ottini

Date Published: 2nd Jul 2020

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

Transcriptome-wide association study of breast cancer risk by estrogen-receptor status
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Abstract (Expand)

Previous transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have identified breast cancer risk genes by integrating data from expression quantitative loci and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but … analyses of breast cancer subtype-specific associations have been limited. In this study, we conducted a TWAS using gene expression data from GTEx and summary statistics from the hitherto largest GWAS meta-analysis conducted for breast cancer overall, and by estrogen receptor subtypes (ER+ and ER-). We further compared associations with ER+ and ER- subtypes, using a case-only TWAS approach. We also conducted multigene conditional analyses in regions with multiple TWAS associations. Two genes, STXBP4 and HIST2H2BA, were specifically associated with ER+ but not with ER- breast cancer. We further identified 30 TWAS-significant genes associated with overall breast cancer risk, including four that were not identified in previous studies. Conditional analyses identified single independent breast-cancer gene in three of six regions harboring multiple TWAS-significant genes. Our study provides new information on breast cancer genetics and biology, particularly about genomic differences between ER+ and ER- breast cancer.

Authors: Helian Feng, Alexander Gusev, Bogdan Pasaniuc, Lang Wu, Jirong Long, Zomoroda Abu-Full, Kristiina Aittomäki, Irene L. Andrulis, Hoda Anton-Culver, Antonis C. Antoniou, Adalgeir Arason, Volker Arndt, Kristan J. Aronson, Banu K. Arun, Ella Asseryanis, Paul L. Auer, Jacopo Azzollini, Judith Balmaña, Rosa B. Barkardottir, Daniel R. Barnes, Daniel Barrowdale, Matthias W. Beckmann, Sabine Behrens, Javier Benitez, Marina Bermisheva, Katarzyna Białkowska, Ana Blanco, Carl Blomqvist, Bram Boeckx, Natalia V. Bogdanova, Stig E. Bojesen, Manjeet K. Bolla, Bernardo Bonanni, Ake Borg, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Ignacio Briceno, Annegien Broeks, Thomas Brüning, Barbara Burwinkel, Qiuyin Cai, Trinidad Caldés, Maria A. Caligo, Ian Campbell, Sander Canisius, Daniele Campa, Brian D. Carter, Jonathan Carter, Jose E. Castelao, Jenny Chang-Claude, Stephen J. Chanock, Hans Christiansen, Wendy K. Chung, Kathleen B. M. Claes, Christine L. Clarke, Fergus J. Couch, Angela Cox, Simon S. Cross, Cezary Cybulski, Kamila Czene, Mary B. Daly, Miguel de La Hoya, Kim de Leeneer, Joe Dennis, Peter Devilee, Orland Diez, Susan M. Domchek, Thilo Dörk, Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva, Alison M. Dunning, Miriam Dwek, Diana M. Eccles, Bent Ejlertsen, Carolina Ellberg, Christoph Engel, Mikael Eriksson, Peter A. Fasching, Olivia Fletcher, Henrik Flyger, Florentia Fostira, Eitan Friedman, Lin Fritschi, Debra Frost, Marike Gabrielson, Patricia A. Ganz, Susan M. Gapstur, Judy Garber, Montserrat García-Closas, José A. García-Sáenz, Mia M. Gaudet, Graham G. Giles, Gord Glendon, Andrew K. Godwin, Mark S. Goldberg, David E. Goldgar, Anna González-Neira, Mark H. Greene, Jacek Gronwald, Pascal Guénel, Christopher A. Haiman, Per Hall, Ute Hamann, Christopher Hake, Wei He, Jane Heyworth, Frans B. L. Hogervorst, Antoinette Hollestelle, Maartje J. Hooning, Robert N. Hoover, John L. Hopper, Guanmengqian Huang, Peter J. Hulick, Keith Humphreys, Evgeny N. Imyanitov, Claudine Isaacs, Milena Jakimovska, Anna Jakubowska, Paul James, Ramunas Janavicius, Rachel C. Jankowitz, Esther M. John, Nichola Johnson, Vijai Joseph, Audrey Jung, Beth Y. Karlan, Elza Khusnutdinova, Johanna I. Kiiski, Irene Konstantopoulou, Vessela N. Kristensen, Yael Laitman, Diether Lambrechts, Conxi Lazaro, Dominique Leroux, Goska Leslie, Jenny Lester, Fabienne Lesueur, Noralane Lindor, Sara Lindström, Wing-Yee Lo, Jennifer T. Loud, Jan Lubiński, Enes Makalic, Arto Mannermaa, Mehdi Manoochehri, Siranoush Manoukian, Sara Margolin, John W. M. Martens, Maria E. Martinez, Laura Matricardi, Tabea Maurer, Dimitrios Mavroudis, Lesley McGuffog, Alfons Meindl, Usha Menon, Kyriaki Michailidou, Pooja M. Kapoor, Austin Miller, Marco Montagna, Fernando Moreno, Lidia Moserle, Anna M. Mulligan, Taru A. Muranen, Katherine L. Nathanson, Susan L. Neuhausen, Heli Nevanlinna, Ines Nevelsteen, Finn C. Nielsen, Liene Nikitina-Zake, Kenneth Offit, Edith Olah, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, Håkan Olsson, Ana Osorio, Janos Papp, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, Michael T. Parsons, Inge S. Pedersen, Ana Peixoto, Paolo Peterlongo, Julian Peto, Paul D. P. Pharoah, Kelly-Anne Phillips, Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska, Bruce Poppe, Nisha Pradhan, Karolina Prajzendanc, Nadege Presneau, Kevin Punie, Katri Pylkäs, Paolo Radice, Johanna Rantala, Muhammad Usman Rashid, Gad Rennert, Harvey A. Risch, Mark Robson, Atocha Romero, Emmanouil Saloustros, Dale P. Sandler, Catarina Santos, Elinor J. Sawyer, Marjanka K. Schmidt, Daniel F. Schmidt, Rita K. Schmutzler, Minouk J. Schoemaker, Rodney J. Scott, Priyanka Sharma, Xiao-Ou Shu, Jacques Simard, Christian F. Singer, Anne-Bine Skytte, Penny Soucy, Melissa C. Southey, John J. Spinelli, Amanda B. Spurdle, Jennifer Stone, Anthony J. Swerdlow, William J. Tapper, Jack A. Taylor, Manuel R. Teixeira, Mary Beth Terry, Alex Teulé, Mads Thomassen, Kathrin Thöne, Darcy L. Thull, Marc Tischkowitz, Amanda E. Toland, Rob A. E. M. Tollenaar, Diana Torres, Thérèse Truong, Nadine Tung, Celine M. Vachon, Christi J. van Asperen, Ans M. W. van den Ouweland, Elizabeth J. van Rensburg, Ana Vega, Alessandra Viel, Paula Vieiro-Balo, Qin Wang, Barbara Wappenschmidt, Clarice R. Weinberg, Jeffrey N. Weitzel, Camilla Wendt, Robert Winqvist, Xiaohong R. Yang, Drakoulis Yannoukakos, Argyrios Ziogas, Roger L. Milne, Douglas F. Easton, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Wei Zheng, Peter Kraft, Xia Jiang

Date Published: 1st Jul 2020

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: breast cancer

Cancer Risks Associated With Germline PALB2 Pathogenic Variants: An International Study of 524 Families
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Abstract (Expand)

PURPOSE To estimate age-specific relative and absolute cancer risks of breast cancer and to estimate risks of ovarian, pancreatic, male breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers associated with germline …e PALB2 pathogenic variants (PVs) because these risks have not been extensively characterized. METHODS We analyzed data from 524 families with PALB2 PVs from 21 countries. Complex segregation analysis was used to estimate relative risks (RRs; relative to country-specific population incidences) and absolute risks of cancers. The models allowed for residual familial aggregation of breast and ovarian cancer and were adjusted for the family-specific ascertainment schemes. RESULTS We found associations between PALB2 PVs and risk of female breast cancer (RR, 7.18; 95% CI, 5.82 to 8.85; P = 6.5 \times 10-76), ovarian cancer (RR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.40 to 6.04; P = 4.1 \times 10-3), pancreatic cancer (RR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.24 to 4.50; P = 8.7 \times 10-3), and male breast cancer (RR, 7.34; 95% CI, 1.28 to 42.18; P = 2.6 \times 10-2). There was no evidence for increased risks of prostate or colorectal cancer. The breast cancer RRs declined with age (P for trend = 2.0 \times 10-3). After adjusting for family ascertainment, breast cancer risk estimates on the basis of multiple case families were similar to the estimates from families ascertained through population-based studies (P for difference = .41). On the basis of the combined data, the estimated risks to age 80 years were 53% (95% CI, 44% to 63%) for female breast cancer, 5% (95% CI, 2% to 10%) for ovarian cancer, 2%-3% (95% CI females, 1% to 4%; 95% CI males, 2% to 5%) for pancreatic cancer, and 1% (95% CI, 0.2% to 5%) for male breast cancer. CONCLUSION These results confirm PALB2 as a major breast cancer susceptibility gene and establish substantial associations between germline PALB2 PVs and ovarian, pancreatic, and male breast cancers. These findings will facilitate incorporation of PALB2 into risk prediction models and optimize the clinical cancer risk management of PALB2 PV carriers.

Authors: Xin Yang, Goska Leslie, Alicja Doroszuk, Sandra Schneider, Jamie Allen, Brennan Decker, Alison M. Dunning, James Redman, James Scarth, Inga Plaskocinska, Craig Luccarini, Mitul Shah, Karen Pooley, Leila Dorling, Andrew Lee, Muriel A. Adank, Julian Adlard, Kristiina Aittomäki, Irene L. Andrulis, Peter Ang, Julian Barwell, Jonine L. Bernstein, Kristie Bobolis, Åke Borg, Carl Blomqvist, Kathleen B. M. Claes, Patrick Concannon, Adeline Cuggia, Julie O. Culver, Francesca Damiola, Antoine de Pauw, Orland Diez, Jill S. Dolinsky, Susan M. Domchek, Christoph Engel, D. Gareth Evans, Florentia Fostira, Judy Garber, Lisa Golmard, Ellen L. Goode, Stephen B. Gruber, Eric Hahnen, Christopher Hake, Tuomas Heikkinen, Judith E. Hurley, Ramunas Janavicius, Zdenek Kleibl, Petra Kleiblova, Irene Konstantopoulou, Anders Kvist, Holly Laduca, Ann S. G. Lee, Fabienne Lesueur, Eamonn R. Maher, Arto Mannermaa, Siranoush Manoukian, Rachel McFarland, Wendy McKinnon, Alfons Meindl, Kelly Metcalfe, Nur Aishah Mohd Taib, Jukka Moilanen, Katherine L. Nathanson, Susan Neuhausen, Pei Sze Ng, Tu Nguyen-Dumont, Sarah M. Nielsen, Florian Obermair, Kenneth Offit, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, Laura Ottini, Judith Penkert, Katri Pylkäs, Paolo Radice, Susan J. Ramus, Vilius Rudaitis, Lucy Side, Rachel Silva-Smith, Valentina Silvestri, Anne-Bine Skytte, Thomas Slavin, Jana Soukupova, Carlo Tondini, Alison H. Trainer, Gary Unzeitig, Lydia Usha, Thomas van Overeem Hansen, James Whitworth, Marie Wood, Cheng Har Yip, Sook-Yee Yoon, Amal Yussuf, George Zogopoulos, David Goldgar, John L. Hopper, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Paul Pharoah, Sophia H. L. George, Judith Balmaña, Claude Houdayer, Paul James, Zaki El-Haffaf, Hans Ehrencrona, Marketa Janatova, Paolo Peterlongo, Heli Nevanlinna, Rita Schmutzler, Soo-Hwang Teo, Mark Robson, Tuya Pal, Fergus Couch, Jeffrey N. Weitzel, Aaron Elliott, Melissa Southey, Robert Winqvist, Douglas F. Easton, William D. Foulkes, Antonis C. Antoniou, Marc Tischkowitz

Date Published: 1st Mar 2020

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

Ovarian and breast cancer risks associated with pathogenic variants in RAD51C and RAD51D
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Abstract (Expand)

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to estimate precise age-specific tubo-ovarian carcinoma (TOC) and breast cancer (BC) risks for carriers of pathogenic variants in RAD51C and RAD51D. METHODS We … We analysed data from 6178 families, 125 with pathogenic variants in RAD51C; and 6690 families, 60 with pathogenic variants in RAD51D. TOC and BC relative and cumulative risks were estimated using complex segregation analysis to model the cancer inheritance patterns in families, while adjusting for the mode of ascertainment of each family. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Pathogenic variants in both RAD51C and RAD51D were associated with TOC (RAD51C RR = 7.55, 95%CI:5.60-10.19, p = 5 \times 10-40; RAD51D RR = 7.60, 95%CI:5.61-10.30, p = 5 \times 10-39) and BC (RAD51C RR = 1.99, 95%CI:1.39-2.85, p = 1.55 \times 10-4; RAD51D RR = 1.83, 95%CI:1.24-2.72, p = 0.002). For both RAD51C and RAD51D, there was a suggestion that the TOC RRs increased with age until around age 60 years and decreased thereafter. The estimated cumulative risks of developing TOC to age 80 were 11% (95%CI:6-21%) for RAD51C and 13% (95%CI:7-23%) for RAD51D pathogenic variant carriers. The estimated cumulative risks of developing BC to 80 were 21% (95%CI:15-29%) for RAD51C and 20% (95%CI:14-28%) for RAD51D pathogenic variant carriers. Both TOC and BC risks for RAD51C/D pathogenic variant carriers varied by cancer family history, and could be as high as 32-36% for TOC, for carriers with two first degree relatives diagnosed with TOC; or 44-46% for BC, for carriers with two first degree relatives diagnosed with BC. CONCLUSIONS These estimates will facilitate the genetic counselling of RAD51C and RAD51D pathogenic variant carriers and justify the incorporation of RAD51C and RAD51D into cancer risk prediction models.

Authors: Xin Yang, Honglin Song, Goska Leslie, Christoph Engel, Eric Hahnen, Bernd Auber, Judit Horváth, Karin Kast, Dieter Niederacher, Clare Turnbull, Richard Houlston, Helen Hanson, Chey Loveday, Jill S. Dolinsky, Holly Laduca, Susan J. Ramus, Usha Menon, Adam N. Rosenthal, Ian Jacobs, Simon A. Gayther, Ed Dicks, Heli Nevanlinna, Kristiina Aittomäki, Liisa M. Pelttari, Hans Ehrencrona, Åke Borg, Anders Kvist, Barbara Rivera, Thomas v. O. Hansen, Malene Djursby, Andrew Lee, Joe Dennis, David D. Bowtell, Nadia Traficante, Orland Diez, Judith Balmaña, Stephen B. Gruber, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Allan Jensen, Susanne K. Kjær, Estrid Høgdall, Laurent Castéra, Judy Garber, Ramunas Janavicius, Ana Osorio, Lisa Golmard, Ana Vega, Fergus J. Couch, Mark Robson, Jacek Gronwald, Susan M. Domchek, Julie O. Culver, Miguel de La Hoya, Douglas F. Easton, William D. Foulkes, Marc Tischkowitz, Alfons Meindl, Rita K. Schmutzler, Paul D. P. Pharoah, Antonis C. Antoniou

Date Published: 28th Feb 2020

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and risk of breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: results from The BRCA1 and BRCA2 Cohort Consortium
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Abstract (Expand)

BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption have been intensively studied in the general population to assess their effects on the risk of breast cancer (BC), but very few studies have examined …d these effects in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Given the high BC risk for mutation carriers and the importance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in DNA repair, better evidence on the associations of these lifestyle factors with BC risk is essential. METHODS Using a large international pooled cohort of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, we conducted retrospective (5,707 BRCA1 mutation carriers; 3,525 BRCA2 mutation carriers) and prospective (2,276 BRCA1 mutation carriers; 1,610 BRCA2 mutation carriers) analyses of alcohol and tobacco consumption using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS For both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, none of the smoking-related variables was associated with BC risk, except smoking for more than five years before a first full-term pregnancy (FFTP) when compared to parous women who never smoked. For BRCA1 mutation carriers, the HR from retrospective analysis (HRR) was 1.19 (95%CI:1.02,1.39) and the HR from prospective analysis (HRP) was 1.36 (95%CI:0.99,1.87). For BRCA2 mutation carriers, smoking for more than five years before a FFTP showed an association of a similar magnitude, but the confidence limits were wider (HRR=1.25,95%CI:1.01,1.55 and HRP=1.30,95%CI:0.83,2.01). For both carrier groups, alcohol consumption was not associated with BC risk. CONCLUSIONS The finding that smoking during the pre-reproductive years increases BC risk for mutation carriers warrants further investigation. IMPACT This is the largest prospective study of BRCA mutation carriers to assess these important risk factors.

Authors: Hongyan Li, Mary Beth Terry, Antonis C. Antoniou, Kelly-Anne Phillips, Karin Kast, Thea M. Mooij, Christoph Engel, Catherine Noguès, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, Christine Lasset, Pascaline Berthet, Veronique Mari, Olivier Caron, Daniel Barrowdale, Debra Frost, Carole Brewer, D. Gareth Evans, Louise Izatt, Lucy Side, Lisa Walker, Marc Tischkowitz, Mark T. Rogers, Mary E. Porteous, Hanne E. J. Meijers-Heijboer, Johan Jp Gille, Marinus J. Blok, Nicoline Hoogerbrugge, Mary B. Daly, Irene L. Andrulis, Saundra S. Buys, Esther M. John, Sue-Anne McLachlan, Michael Friedlander, Yen Y. Tan, Ana Osorio, Trinidad Caldes, Anna Jakubowska, Jacques Simard, Christian F. Singer, Edith Olah, Marie Navratilova, Lenka Foretova, Anne-Marie Gerdes, Marie-José Roos-Blom, Brita Arver, Håkan Olsson, Rita K. Schmutzler, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, Douglas F. Easton, Flora E. van Leeuwen, Matti A. Rookus, Nadine Andrieu, David E. Goldgar

Date Published: 5th Feb 2020

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

Fine-mapping of 150 breast cancer risk regions identifies 191 likely target genes
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Abstract (Expand)

Genome-wide association studies have identified breast cancer risk variants in over 150 genomic regions, but the mechanisms underlying risk remain largely unknown. These regions were explored by combining … association analysis with in silico genomic feature annotations. We defined 205 independent risk-associated signals with the set of credible causal variants in each one. In parallel, we used a Bayesian approach (PAINTOR) that combines genetic association, linkage disequilibrium and enriched genomic features to determine variants with high posterior probabilities of being causal. Potentially causal variants were significantly over-represented in active gene regulatory regions and transcription factor binding sites. We applied our INQUSIT pipeline for prioritizing genes as targets of those potentially causal variants, using gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci), chromatin interaction and functional annotations. Known cancer drivers, transcription factors and genes in the developmental, apoptosis, immune system and DNA integrity checkpoint gene ontology pathways were over-represented among the highest-confidence target genes.

Authors: Laura Fachal, Hugues Aschard, Jonathan Beesley, Daniel R. Barnes, Jamie Allen, Siddhartha Kar, Karen A. Pooley, Joe Dennis, Kyriaki Michailidou, Constance Turman, Penny Soucy, Audrey Lemaçon, Michael Lush, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Maya Ghoussaini, Mahdi Moradi Marjaneh, Xia Jiang, Simona Agata, Kristiina Aittomäki, M. Rosario Alonso, Irene L. Andrulis, Hoda Anton-Culver, Natalia N. Antonenkova, Adalgeir Arason, Volker Arndt, Kristan J. Aronson, Banu K. Arun, Bernd Auber, Paul L. Auer, Jacopo Azzollini, Judith Balmaña, Rosa B. Barkardottir, Daniel Barrowdale, Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel, Javier Benitez, Marina Bermisheva, Katarzyna Białkowska, Amie M. Blanco, Carl Blomqvist, William Blot, Natalia V. Bogdanova, Stig E. Bojesen, Manjeet K. Bolla, Bernardo Bonanni, Ake Borg, Kristin Bosse, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Ignacio Briceno, Ian W. Brock, Angela Brooks-Wilson, Thomas Brüning, Barbara Burwinkel, Saundra S. Buys, Qiuyin Cai, Trinidad Caldés, Maria A. Caligo, Nicola J. Camp, Ian Campbell, Federico Canzian, Jason S. Carroll, Brian D. Carter, Jose E. Castelao, Jocelyne Chiquette, Hans Christiansen, Wendy K. Chung, Kathleen B. M. Claes, Christine L. Clarke, J. Margriet Collée, Sten Cornelissen, Fergus J. Couch, Angela Cox, Simon S. Cross, Cezary Cybulski, Kamila Czene, Mary B. Daly, Miguel de La Hoya, Peter Devilee, Orland Diez, Yuan Chun Ding, Gillian S. Dite, Susan M. Domchek, Thilo Dörk, Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva, Arnaud Droit, Stéphane Dubois, Martine Dumont, Mercedes Duran, Lorraine Durcan, Miriam Dwek, Diana M. Eccles, Christoph Engel, Mikael Eriksson, D. Gareth Evans, Peter A. Fasching, Olivia Fletcher, Giuseppe Floris, Henrik Flyger, Lenka Foretova, William D. Foulkes, Eitan Friedman, Lin Fritschi, Debra Frost, Marike Gabrielson, Manuela Gago-Dominguez, Gaetana Gambino, Patricia A. Ganz, Susan M. Gapstur, Judy Garber, José A. García-Sáenz, Mia M. Gaudet, Vassilios Georgoulias, Graham G. Giles, Gord Glendon, Andrew K. Godwin, Mark S. Goldberg, David E. Goldgar, Anna González-Neira, Maria Grazia Tibiletti, Mark H. Greene, Mervi Grip, Jacek Gronwald, Anne Grundy, Pascal Guénel, Eric Hahnen, Christopher A. Haiman, Niclas Håkansson, Per Hall, Ute Hamann, Patricia A. Harrington, Jaana M. Hartikainen, Mikael Hartman, Wei He, Catherine S. Healey, Bernadette A. M. Heemskerk-Gerritsen, Jane Heyworth, Peter Hillemanns, Frans B. L. Hogervorst, Antoinette Hollestelle, Maartje J. Hooning, John L. Hopper, Anthony Howell, Guanmengqian Huang, Peter J. Hulick, Evgeny N. Imyanitov, Claudine Isaacs, Motoki Iwasaki, Agnes Jager, Milena Jakimovska, Anna Jakubowska, Paul A. James, Ramunas Janavicius, Rachel C. Jankowitz, Esther M. John, Nichola Johnson, Michael E. Jones, Arja Jukkola-Vuorinen, Audrey Jung, Rudolf Kaaks, Daehee Kang, Pooja Middha Kapoor, Beth Y. Karlan, Renske Keeman, Michael J. Kerin, Elza Khusnutdinova, Johanna I. Kiiski, Judy Kirk, Cari M. Kitahara, Yon-Dschun Ko, Irene Konstantopoulou, Veli-Matti Kosma, Stella Koutros, Katerina Kubelka-Sabit, Ava Kwong, Kyriacos Kyriacou, Yael Laitman, Diether Lambrechts, Eunjung Lee, Goska Leslie, Jenny Lester, Fabienne Lesueur, Annika Lindblom, Wing-Yee Lo, Jirong Long, Artitaya Lophatananon, Jennifer T. Loud, Jan Lubiński, Robert J. MacInnis, Tom Maishman, Enes Makalic, Arto Mannermaa, Mehdi Manoochehri, Siranoush Manoukian, Sara Margolin, Maria Elena Martinez, Keitaro Matsuo, Tabea Maurer, Dimitrios Mavroudis, Rebecca Mayes, Lesley McGuffog, Catriona McLean, Noura Mebirouk, Alfons Meindl, Austin Miller, Nicola Miller, Marco Montagna, Fernando Moreno, Kenneth Muir, Anna Marie Mulligan, Victor M. Muñoz-Garzon, Taru A. Muranen, Steven A. Narod, Rami Nassir, Katherine L. Nathanson, Susan L. Neuhausen, Heli Nevanlinna, Patrick Neven, Finn C. Nielsen, Liene Nikitina-Zake, Aaron Norman, Kenneth Offit, Edith Olah, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, Håkan Olsson, Nick Orr, Ana Osorio, V. Shane Pankratz, Janos Papp, Sue K. Park, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, Michael T. Parsons, James Paul, Inge Sokilde Pedersen, Bernard Peissel, Beth Peshkin, Paolo Peterlongo, Julian Peto, Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska, Karolina Prajzendanc, Ross Prentice, Nadege Presneau, Darya Prokofyeva, Miquel Angel Pujana, Katri Pylkäs, Paolo Radice, Susan J. Ramus, Johanna Rantala, Rohini Rau-Murthy, Gad Rennert, Harvey A. Risch, Mark Robson, Atocha Romero, Maria Rossing, Emmanouil Saloustros, Estela Sánchez-Herrero, Dale P. Sandler, Marta Santamariña, Christobel Saunders, Elinor J. Sawyer, Maren T. Scheuner, Daniel F. Schmidt, Rita K. Schmutzler, Andreas Schneeweiss, Minouk J. Schoemaker, Ben Schöttker, Peter Schürmann, Christopher Scott, Rodney J. Scott, Leigha Senter, Caroline M. Seynaeve, Mitul Shah, Priyanka Sharma, Chen-Yang Shen, Xiao-Ou Shu, Christian F. Singer, Thomas P. Slavin, Snezhana Smichkoska, Melissa C. Southey, John J. Spinelli, Amanda B. Spurdle, Jennifer Stone, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, Christian Sutter, Anthony J. Swerdlow, Rulla M. Tamimi, Yen Yen Tan, William J. Tapper, Jack A. Taylor, Manuel R. Teixeira, Maria Tengström, Soo Hwang Teo, Mary Beth Terry, Alex Teulé, Mads Thomassen, Darcy L. Thull, Marc Tischkowitz, Amanda E. Toland, Rob A. E. M. Tollenaar, Ian Tomlinson, Diana Torres, Gabriela Torres-Mejía, Melissa A. Troester, Thérèse Truong, Nadine Tung, Maria Tzardi, Hans-Ulrich Ulmer, Celine M. Vachon, Christi J. van Asperen, Lizet E. van der Kolk, Elizabeth J. van Rensburg, Ana Vega, Alessandra Viel, Joseph Vijai, Maartje J. Vogel, Qin Wang, Barbara Wappenschmidt, Clarice R. Weinberg, Jeffrey N. Weitzel, Camilla Wendt, Hans Wildiers, Robert Winqvist, Alicja Wolk, Anna H. Wu, Drakoulis Yannoukakos, Yan Zhang, Wei Zheng, David Hunter, Paul D. P. Pharoah, Jenny Chang-Claude, Montserrat García-Closas, Marjanka K. Schmidt, Roger L. Milne, Vessela N. Kristensen, Juliet D. French, Stacey L. Edwards, Antonis C. Antoniou, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Jacques Simard, Douglas F. Easton, Peter Kraft, Alison M. Dunning

Date Published: 2020

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

The budgetary impact of genetic testing for hereditary breast cancer for the statutory health insurance
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Abstract (Expand)

Objectives: Potential opportunities and challenges of predictive genetic risk classification of healthy persons are currently discussed. However, the budgetary impact of rising demand is uncertain. … This project aims to evaluate budgetary consequences of predictive genetic risk classification for statutory health insurance in Germany. Methods: A Markov model was developed in the form of a cohort simulation. It analyzes a population of female relatives of hereditary breast cancer patients. Mutation carriers are offered intensified screening, women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation can decide on prophylactic mastectomy and/or ovarectomy. The model considers the following scenarios: (a) steady demand for predictive genetic testing, and (b) rising demand. Most input parameters are based on data of the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer. The model contains 49 health states, starts in 2015, and runs for 10 years. Prices were evaluated from the perspective of statutory health insurance. Results: Steady demand leads to an expenditure of \text€49.8 million during the 10-year period. Rising demands lead to additional expenses of \text€125.5 million. The model reveals the genetic analysis to be the main cost driver while cost savings in treatment costs of breast and ovarian cancer are indicated. Conclusions: The results contribute to close the knowledge gap concerning the budgetary consequences due to genetic risk classification. A rising demand leads to additional costs especially due to costs for genetic analysis. The model indicates budget shifts with cost savings due to breast and ovarian cancer treatment in the scenario of rising demands.

Authors: Silke Neusser, Beate Lux, Cordula Barth, Kathrin Pahmeier, Kerstin Rhiem, Rita Schmutzler, Christoph Engel, Jürgen Wasem, Stefan Huster, Peter Dabrock, Anja Neumann

Date Published: 2nd Dec 2019

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

Germline loss-of-function variants in the BARD1 gene are associated with early-onset familial breast cancer but not ovarian cancer
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Abstract (Expand)

BACKGROUND The role of the BARD1 gene in breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) predisposition remains elusive, as published case-control investigations have revealed controversial results. We aimed …d to assess the role of deleterious BARD1 germline variants in BC/OC predisposition in a sample of 4920 BRCA1/2-negative female BC/OC index patients of the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (GC-HBOC). METHODS A total of 4469 female index patients with BC, 451 index patients with OC, and 2767 geographically matched female control individuals were screened for loss-of-function (LoF) mutations and potentially damaging rare missense variants in BARD1. All patients met the inclusion criteria of the GC-HBOC for germline testing and reported at least one relative with BC or OC. Additional control datasets (Exome Aggregation Consortium, ExAC; Fabulous Ladies Over Seventy, FLOSSIES) were included for the calculation of odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS We identified LoF variants in 23 of 4469 BC index patients (0.51%) and in 36 of 37,265 control individuals (0.10%), resulting in an OR of 5.35 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.17-9.04; P \textless 0.00001). BARD1-mutated BC index patients showed a significantly younger mean age at first diagnosis (AAD; 42.3 years, range 24-60 years) compared with the overall study sample (48.6 years, range 17-92 years; P = 0.00347). In the subgroup of BC index patients with an AAD \textless 40 years, an OR of 12.04 (95% CI = 5.78-25.08; P \textless 0.00001) was observed. An OR of 7.43 (95% CI = 4.26-12.98; P \textless 0.00001) was observed when stratified for an AAD \textless 50 years. LoF variants in BARD1 were not significantly associated with BC in the subgroup of index patients with an AAD ≥ 50 years (OR = 2.29; 95% CI = 0.82-6.45; P = 0.11217). Overall, rare and predicted damaging BARD1 missense variants were significantly more prevalent in BC index patients compared with control individuals (OR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.26-3.67; P = 0.00723). Neither LoF variants nor predicted damaging rare missense variants in BARD1 were identified in 451 familial index patients with OC. CONCLUSIONS Due to the significant association of germline LoF variants in BARD1 with early-onset BC, we suggest that intensified BC surveillance programs should be offered to women carrying pathogenic BARD1 gene variants.

Authors: Nana Weber-Lassalle, Julika Borde, Konstantin Weber-Lassalle, Judit Horváth, Dieter Niederacher, Norbert Arnold, Silke Kaulfuß, Corinna Ernst, Victoria G. Paul, Ellen Honisch, Kristina Klaschik, Alexander E. Volk, Christian Kubisch, Steffen Rapp, Nadine Lichey, Janine Altmüller, Louisa Lepkes, Esther Pohl-Rescigno, Holger Thiele, Peter Nürnberg, Mirjam Larsen, Lisa Richters, Kerstin Rhiem, Barbara Wappenschmidt, Christoph Engel, Alfons Meindl, Rita K. Schmutzler, Eric Hahnen, Jan Hauke

Date Published: 1st Dec 2019

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

GC-HBOC database explorer
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

A dataset with information on cancer history, mutation status and surveillance history for more than 100 000 study patients is provided in i2b2 (Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside, http://www.i2b2.org/software). Members of the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer can request access to i2b2 and will be able to perform database queries independently, e.g. with regard to identify suitable patient populations for scientific evaluation projects.

Creators: Christoph Engel, Silke Zachariae

Submitter: René Hänsel

Data file type: Clinical Data

Human Diseases: hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

External Link
BOADICEA reinvitation predictor
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
No description specified

Creators: Christoph Engel, Silke Zachariae

Submitter: Silke Zachariae

PREMM1,2,6
GC-HNPCC - German Consortium for Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer

The PREMM1,2,6 has been developed as a pretest to decide whether patients suspected of having Lynch syndrome should be tested for germline mismatch repair gene mutations. "PREMM1,2,6" is a logistic regression model. It calculates the risk of having a mutation in the mismatch repair genes MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 (for single genes and overall) based on the personal and familial cancer history of the proband (colorectal, endometrial, and other Lynch syndrome related cancers).

Creators: Silke Zachariae, Christoph Engel, Kastrinos et al.

Submitter: Silke Zachariae

Manchester Scoring System
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Motivation: The "Manchester Scoring System" can be used to assist clinicians and genetic counselors in the clinical management of families suspected of having hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and to decide whether genetic testing should be performed.

Description: The "Manchester Scoring System" is an empirical mutation risk prediction model. In its current form, a risk score for the identification of a pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutation is being calculated based on the number of breast and ovarian ...

Creators: Christoph Engel, Silke Zachariae, Evans, D.G. et al. (2009)

Submitter: Silke Zachariae

GC-HBOC BC Risk Explorer
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

The GC-HBOC BC Risk Explorer (GC-HBOC BC-RE) predicts the breast cancer risk for BRCA1/2 carriers and high-risk non-carriers at risk for first breast cancer (cohort 1), and BRCA1/2 carriers and high-risk non-carriers who were previously diagnosed with unilateral breast cancer, and are at risk for contralateral breast cancer (cohort 2). GC-HBOC BC-RE is based on data from female BRCA1/2 carriers and non-carriers with a family history of breast and ovarian cancer, who participated in the intensified ...

Creators: Christoph Engel, Silke Zachariae

Submitter: Silke Zachariae

Claus
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Motivation: The eClaus model can be used to calculate mutation risks for BRCA1/2 as well as life-time risks for breast cancer in women from families with multiple and/or early onset cases of breast and ovarian cancer. The model can be used to assist genetic counselors in clinical decision making regarding genetic testing, intensified surveillance, and prophylatic surgery.

Description: The Claus model is a genetic breast cancer risk calculation model assuming a single rare, highly penetrant gene. ...

Creators: Christoph Engel, Silke Zachariae, Claus, E.B. et al. (1991 and 1994)

Submitter: Silke Zachariae

PREMM5
GC-HNPCC - German Consortium for Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer

The PREMM5 has been developed as a pretest to decide whether patients suspected of having Lynch syndrome should be tested for germline mismatch repair gene mutations. In contrast to "PREMM1,2,6" it can be used to predict mutation probabilities in unaffected index patients. "PREMM5" is a logistic regression model. It calculates the risk of having a mutation in the mismatch repair genes MLH1, MSH2/EPCAM, MSH6 and PMS2 (for single genes and overall) based on the personal and familial cancer history ...

Creators: Silke Zachariae, Christoph Engel, Kastrinos et al.

Submitter: Silke Zachariae

GC-HBOC Mutation Frequency Explorer
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Motivation: The "GC-HBOC Mutation Frequency Explorer" can be used to assist clinicians and genetic counselors in the clinical management of families suspected of having hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and to decide whether genetic testing should be performed.

Description: The "GC-HBOC Mutation Frequency Explorer" is a tool to determine the observed frequencies of pathogenic BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations based on familial cancer history data collected since 1996 by the German Consortium for ...

Creators: Christoph Engel, Silke Zachariae

Submitter: Silke Zachariae

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