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959 Publications visible to you, out of a total of 959
Weight stigma "gets under the skin"-evidence for an adapted psychological mediation framework: a systematic review.
LIFE Adult

Abstract (Expand)

OBJECTIVE: Research consistently shows a negative view of individuals with obesity in the general public and in various other settings. Stigma and discrimination can be considered chronic stressors, … as these factors have a profound impact on the psychological well-being of the affected individuals. This article proposes a framework that entails a mediation of the adverse effects of discrimination and stigmatization on mental well-being through elevated psychological risk factors that are not unique to weight but that could affect overweight and normal-weight individuals alike. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to assess the prevalence of psychological risk factors, such as self-esteem and coping, in individuals with obesity. RESULTS: Forty-six articles were assessed and included for detailed analysis. The number of studies on these topics is limited to certain dimensions of psychological processes. The best evaluated association of obesity and psychosocial aspects is seen for self-esteem. Most studies establish a negative association of weight and self-esteem in children and adults. All studies with mediation analysis find a positive mediation through psychological risk factors on mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This review shows that elevated psychological risk factors are existent in individuals with obesity and that they may be a mediator between weight discrimination and pathopsychological outcomes.

Authors: C. Sikorski, M. Luppa, T. Luck, S. G. Riedel-Heller

Date Published: 29th Jan 2015

Publication Type: Not specified

Candidate genetic modifiers for breast and ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Abstract (Expand)

BACKGROUND BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are at substantially increased risk for developing breast and ovarian cancer. The incomplete penetrance coupled with the variable age at diagnosis in carriers …s of the same mutation suggests the existence of genetic and nongenetic modifying factors. In this study, we evaluated the putative role of variants in many candidate modifier genes. METHODS Genotyping data from 15,252 BRCA1 and 8,211 BRCA2 mutation carriers, for known variants (n = 3,248) located within or around 445 candidate genes, were available through the iCOGS custom-designed array. Breast and ovarian cancer association analysis was performed within a retrospective cohort approach. RESULTS The observed P values of association ranged between 0.005 and 1.000. None of the variants was significantly associated with breast or ovarian cancer risk in either BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, after multiple testing adjustments. CONCLUSION There is little evidence that any of the evaluated candidate variants act as modifiers of breast and/or ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. IMPACT Genome-wide association studies have been more successful at identifying genetic modifiers of BRCA1/2 penetrance than candidate gene studies.

Authors: Paolo Peterlongo, Jenny Chang-Claude, Kirsten B. Moysich, Anja Rudolph, Rita K. Schmutzler, Jacques Simard, Penny Soucy, Rosalind A. Eeles, Douglas F. Easton, Ute Hamann, Stefan Wilkening, Bowang Chen, Matti A. Rookus, Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frederieke H. van der Baan, Amanda B. Spurdle, Logan C. Walker, Felicity Lose, Ana-Teresa Maia, Marco Montagna, Laura Matricardi, Jan Lubinski, Anna Jakubowska, Encarna B. Gómez Garcia, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, Robert L. Nussbaum, Katherine L. Nathanson, Susan M. Domchek, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Banu K. Arun, Beth Y. Karlan, Sandra Orsulic, Jenny Lester, Wendy K. Chung, Alex Miron, Melissa C. Southey, David E. Goldgar, Saundra S. Buys, Ramunas Janavicius, Cecilia M. Dorfling, Elizabeth J. van Rensburg, Yuan Chun Ding, Susan L. Neuhausen, Thomas v. O. Hansen, Anne-Marie Gerdes, Bent Ejlertsen, Lars Jønson, Ana Osorio, Cristina Martínez-Bouzas, Javier Benitez, Edye E. Conway, Kathleen R. Blazer, Jeffrey N. Weitzel, Siranoush Manoukian, Bernard Peissel, Daniela Zaffaroni, Giulietta Scuvera, Monica Barile, Filomena Ficarazzi, Frederique Mariette, Stefano Fortuzzi, Alessandra Viel, Giuseppe Giannini, Laura Papi, Aline Martayan, Maria Grazia Tibiletti, Paolo Radice, Athanassios Vratimos, Florentia Fostira, Judy E. Garber, Alan Donaldson, Carole Brewer, Claire Foo, D. Gareth R. Evans, Debra Frost, Diana Eccles, Angela Brady, Jackie Cook, Marc Tischkowitz, Julian Adlard, Julian Barwell, Lisa Walker, Louise Izatt, Lucy E. Side, M. John Kennedy, Mark T. Rogers, Mary E. Porteous, Patrick J. Morrison, Radka Platte, Rosemarie Davidson, Shirley V. Hodgson, Steve Ellis, Trevor Cole, Andrew K. Godwin, Kathleen Claes, Tom van Maerken, Alfons Meindl, Andrea Gehrig, Christian Sutter, Christoph Engel, Dieter Niederacher, Doris Steinemann, Hansjoerg Plendl, Karin Kast, Kerstin Rhiem, Nina Ditsch, Norbert Arnold, Raymonda Varon-Mateeva, Barbara Wappenschmidt, Shan Wang-Gohrke, Brigitte Bressac-de Paillerets, Bruno Buecher, Capucine Delnatte, Claude Houdayer, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, Francesca Damiola, Isabelle Coupier, Laure Barjhoux, Laurence Venat-Bouvet, Lisa Golmard, Nadia Boutry-Kryza, Olga M. Sinilnikova, Olivier Caron, Pascal Pujol, Sylvie Mazoyer, Muriel Belotti, Marion Piedmonte, Michael L. Friedlander, Gustavo C. Rodriguez, Larry J. Copeland, Miguel de La Hoya, Pedro Perez Segura, Heli Nevanlinna, Kristiina Aittomäki, Theo A. M. van Os, Hanne E. J. Meijers-Heijboer, Annemarie H. van der Hout, Maaike P. G. Vreeswijk, Nicoline Hoogerbrugge, Margreet G. E. M. Ausems, Helena C. van Doorn, J. Margriet Collée, Edith Olah, Orland Diez, Ignacio Blanco, Conxi Lazaro, Joan Brunet, Lidia Feliubadalo, Cezary Cybulski, Jacek Gronwald, Katarzyna Durda, Katarzyna Jaworska-Bieniek, Grzegorz Sukiennicki, Adalgeir Arason, Jocelyne Chiquette, Manuel R. Teixeira, Curtis Olswold, Fergus J. Couch, Noralane M. Lindor, Xianshu Wang, Csilla I. Szabo, Kenneth Offit, Marina Corines, Lauren Jacobs, Mark E. Robson, Liying Zhang, Vijai Joseph, Andreas Berger, Christian F. Singer, Christine Rappaport, Daphne Geschwantler Kaulich, Georg Pfeiler, Muy-Kheng M. Tea, Catherine M. Phelan, Mark H. Greene, Phuong L. Mai, Gad Rennert, Anna Marie Mulligan, Gord Glendon, Sandrine Tchatchou, Irene L. Andrulis, Amanda Ewart Toland, Anders Bojesen, Inge Sokilde Pedersen, Mads Thomassen, Uffe Birk Jensen, Yael Laitman, Johanna Rantala, Anna von Wachenfeldt, Hans Ehrencrona, Marie Stenmark Askmalm, Åke Borg, Karoline B. Kuchenbaecker, Lesley McGuffog, Daniel Barrowdale, Sue Healey, Andrew Lee, Paul D. P. Pharoah, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Antonis C. Antoniou, Eitan Friedman

Date Published: 13th Jan 2015

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

Function Shapes Content: DNA-Methylation Marker Genes and their Impact for Molecular Mechanisms of Glioma
GGN - German Glioma Network

Abstract (Expand)

Glioma is a clinically and biologically diverse disease. It challenges diagnosis and prognosis due to its molecular heterogeneity and diverse regimes of biological dysfunctions which are driven by … genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. We discover the functional impact of sets of DNA methylation marker genes in the context of brain cancer subtypes as an exemplary approach how bioinformatics and particularly machine learning using self organizing maps (SOM) complements modern high-throughput genomic technologies. DNA methylation changes in gliomas comprise both, hyper- and hypomethylation in a subtype specific fashion. We compared pediatric (2 subtypes) and adult (4) glioblastoma and non-neoplastic brain. The functional impact of differential methylation marker sets is discovered in terms of gene set analysis which comprises a large collection of markers related to biological processes, literature data on gliomas and also chromatin states of the healthy brain. DNA methylation signature genes from alternative studies well agree with our signatures. SOM mapping of gene sets robustly identifies similarities between different marker sets even under conditions of noisy compositions. Mapping of previous sets of glioma markers reveals high redundancy and mixtures of subtypes in the reference cohorts. Consideration of the regulatory level of DNA methylation is inevitable for understanding cancer genesis and progression. It provides suited markers for diagnosis of glioma subtypes and disentangles tumor heterogeneity.

Authors: E. Willscher, H. Loffler-Wirth, H. Binder, Lydia Hopp

Date Published: 2015

Publication Type: Not specified

Human Diseases: brain glioma

Ontology-based Retrieval of Scientific Data in LIFE
LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases

Abstract (Expand)

LIFE is an epidemiological study determining thousands of Leipzig inhabitants with a wide spectrum of interviews, questionnaires, and medical investigations. The heterogeneous data are centrally … integrated into a research database and are analyzed by specific analysis projects. To semantically describe the large set of data, we have developed an ontological framework. Applicants of analysis projects and other interested people can use the LIFE Investigation Ontology (LIO) as central part of the framework to get insights, which kind of data is collected in LIFE. Moreover, we use the framework to generate queries over the collected scientific data in order to retrieve data as requested by each analysis project. A query generator transforms the ontological specifications using LIO to database queries which are implemented as project-specific database views. Since the requested data is typically complex, a manual query specification would be very timeconsuming, error-prone, and is, therefore, unsuitable in this large project. We present the approach, overview LIO and show query formulation and transformation. Our approach runs in production mode for two years in LIFE.

Authors: Toralf Kirsten, A. Uciteli

Date Published: 2015

Publication Type: Not specified

Analysis of Large-Scale OMIC Data Using Self Organizing Maps
LHA - Leipzig Health Atlas

Abstract (Expand)

The data produced by high-throughput bioanalytics is usually given as a feature matrix of dimension N x M (see Figure 1) where N is the number of features measured per sample and M is the number of … samples referring, e.g., to different treatments, time points or individuals. As a convention, each row of the matrix will be termed profile of the respective feature. The columns on the other hand will be termed states referring to each of the conditions studied. In general, the number of features can range from several thousands to millions, depending on the experimental screening technique used. Typically, this number largely exceeds the number of states studied, i.e. N>>M. SOM machine learning aims at reducing the number of relevant features by grouping the input data into clusters of appropriate size, and thus to transform the matrix of input data into a matrix of so-called meta-data with a reduced number of meta-features, K<<N (Figure 1a and b). In other words, SOM aims at mapping the space of the high-dimensional input data onto meta-data space of reduced dimensionality.

Authors: Hans Binder, Henry Löffler-Wirth

Date Published: 2015

Publication Type: Not specified

Monitoring Disease Progression and Therapeutic Response in a Disseminated Tumor Model for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma by Bioluminescence Imaging
Genetical Statistics and Systems Biology

Abstract (Expand)

Xenograft tumor models are widely studied in cancer research. Our aim was to establish and apply a model for aggressive CD20-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, enabling us to monitor tumor growth … and shrinkage in a noninvasive manner. By stably transfecting a luciferase expression vector, we created two bioluminescent human non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines, Jeko1(luci) and OCI-Ly3(luci), that are CD20 positive, a prerequisite to studying rituximab, a chimeric anti-CD20 antibody. To investigate the therapy response in vivo, we established a disseminated xenograft tumor model injecting these cell lines in NOD/SCID mice. We observed a close correlation of bioluminescence intensity and tumor burden, allowing us to monitor therapy response in the living animal. Cyclophosphamide reduced tumor burden in mice injected with either cell line in a dose-dependent manner. Rituximab alone was effective in OCI-Ly3(luci)-injected mice and acted additively in combination with cyclophosphamide. In contrast, it improved the therapeutic outcome of Jeko1(luci)-injected mice only in combination with cyclophosphamide. We conclude that well-established bioluminescence imaging is a valuable tool in disseminated xenograft tumor models. Our model can be translated to other cell lines and used to examine new therapeutic agents and schedules.

Authors: Margarethe Köberle, Kristin Müller, Manja Kamprad, Friedemann Horn, Markus Scholz

Date Published: 2015

Publication Type: Journal article

Entwicklung und Einsatz einer Domänenontologie des Informationsmanagements im Krankenhaus.
Management of health information systems

Abstract

Not specified

Author: Jahn F Schaaf M

Date Published: 2015

Publication Type: InCollection

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