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959 Publications visible to you, out of a total of 959
Olfactory function is associated with cognitive performance: results from the population-based LIFE-Adult-Study.
LIFE Adult

Abstract (Expand)

BACKGROUND: Studies in older adults or those with cognitive impairment have shown associations between cognitive and olfactory performance, but there are few population-based studies especially in … younger adults. We therefore cross-sectionally analyzed this association using data from the population-based LIFE-Adult-Study. METHODS: Cognitive assessments comprised tests from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD): verbal fluency (VF), word list learning and recall (WLL, WLR), and the Trail Making Tests (TMT) A and B. The "Sniffin' Sticks Screening 12" test was used to measure olfactory performance. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine associations between the number of correctly identified odors (0 to 12) and the five cognitive test scores, adjusted for sex, age, education, and the presence of depressive symptoms. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was carried out to determine the discriminative performance of the number of correctly identified odors regarding identification of cognition impairment. RESULTS: A total of 6783 participants (51.3% female) completed the olfaction test and the VF test and TMT. A subgroup of 2227 participants (46.9% female) also completed the WLL and WLR tests. Based on age-, sex-, and education-specific norms from CERAD, the following numbers of participants were considered cognitively impaired: VF 759 (11.2%), WLL 242 (10.9%), WLR: 132 (5.9%), TMT-A 415 (6.1%), and TMT-B/A ratio 677 (10.0%). On average, score values for VF were higher by 0.42 points (p < 0.001), for WLL higher by 0.32 points (p = 0.001), for WLR higher by 0.31 points (p = 0.002), for TMT-A lower by 0.25 points (p < 0.001), and for TMT-B/A ratio lower by 0.01 points (p < 0.001) per number of correctly identified odors. ROC analysis revealed area under the curve values from 0.55 to 0.62 for the five cognitive tests. CONCLUSIONS: Better olfactory performance was associated with better cognitive performance in all five tests in adults - adjusted for age, sex, education, and the presence of depressive symptoms. However, the ability of the smell test to discriminate between individuals with and without cognitive impairment was limited. The value of olfactory testing in early screening for cognitive impairment should be investigated in longitudinal studies.

Authors: M. Yahiaoui-Doktor, T. Luck, S. G. Riedel-Heller, M. Loeffler, K. Wirkner, C. Engel

Date Published: 10th May 2019

Publication Type: Not specified

Human Diseases: Alzheimer's disease

High-risk breast cancer surveillance with MRI: 10-year experience from the German consortium for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Abstract (Expand)

PURPOSE To report on 10 years of high-risk service screening with annual MRI in the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (GC-HBOC). METHODS A cohort of 4,573 high-risk, previously …sly unaffected women (954 BRCA1 carriers, 598 BRCA2 carriers, 3021 BRCA1/2 non-carriers) participating in the GC-HBOC surveillance program was prospectively followed. Screening outcomes for 14,142 screening rounds with MRI between 2006 and 2015 were analyzed and stratified by risk group, type of screening round, and age. RESULTS A total of 221 primary breast cancers (185 invasive, 36 in situ) were diagnosed within 12 months of an annual screening round with MRI. Of all cancers, 84.5% (174/206, 15 unknown) were stage 0 or I. In BRCA1 carriers, 16.9% (10/59, 5 unknown) of all incident cancers (screen-detected and interval cancers combined) and in BRCA2 carriers 12.5% (3/24, 4 unknown) were stage IIA or higher, compared to only 4.8% (2/42, 2 unknown) in high-risk BRCA1/2 non-carriers. Program sensitivity was 89.6% (95% CI 84.9-93.0) with no significant differences in sensitivity between risk groups or by age. Specificity was significantly lower in the first screening round (84.6%, 95% CI 83.6-85.7) than in subsequent screening rounds (91.1%, 95% CI 90.6-91.7), p \textless 0.001. Cancer detection rates (CDRs) and as a result positive predictive values were strongly dependent on type of screening round, risk group and patient age. CDRs ranged from 43.5‰ (95% CI 29.8-62.9) for the first screening round in BRCA2 carriers to 2.9‰ (95% CI 1.3-6.3) for subsequent screening rounds in high-risk non-carriers in the age group 30 to 39 years. CONCLUSIONS High-risk screening with MRI was successfully implemented in the GC-HBOC with high sensitivity and specificity. Risk prediction and inclusion criteria in high-risk non-carriers need to be adjusted to improve CDRs and thus screening efficacy in these patients.

Authors: Ulrich Bick, Christoph Engel, Barbara Krug, Walter Heindel, Eva M. Fallenberg, Kerstin Rhiem, David Maintz, Michael Golatta, Dorothee Speiser, Dorothea Rjosk-Dendorfer, Irina Lämmer-Skarke, Frederic Dietzel, Karl Werner Fritz Schäfer, Elena Leinert, Stefanie Weigel, Stephanie Sauer, Stefanie Pertschy, Thomas Hofmockel, Anne Hagert-Winkler, Karin Kast, Anne Quante, Alfons Meindl, Marion Kiechle, Markus Loeffler, Rita K. Schmutzler

Date Published: 1st May 2019

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

Is Optical Coherence Tomography a Potential Tool to Evaluate Marginal Adaptation of Class III/IV Composite Restorations In Vivo?
Genetical Statistics and Systems Biology

Abstract (Expand)

OBJECTIVE: Margin analysis of Class III and IV composite restorations in vitro and in vivo occurred by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The results were compared …d and related to clinical evaluation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eight Class III composite restorations were imaged in vitro using OCT and SEM. The margins were analyzed quantitatively. OCT signals were verified by assignment to the criteria perfect margin, gap, and positive/negative ledge. In vivo quantitative margin analysis of Class III/IV composite restorations made of the micro-hybrid composite Venus combined with the self-etch adhesive iBond Gluma inside (1-SE) or etch-and-rinse adhesive Gluma Comfort Bond (2-ER) (all Heraeus Kulzer) was carried out using OCT and SEM after 90 months of clinical function. The results were compared with clinical evaluation (US Public Health Service criteria; marginal integrity, marginal discoloration). RESULTS: In vitro, the correlation between OCT and SEM was high for all four margin criteria (Kendall tau b [\textgreektb] correlation: 0.64-0.92, pi\leq0.026), with no significant differences between OCT and SEM ( pi\geq0.63). In vivo, a moderate correlation was observed (\textgreektb: 0.38-0.45, pi\textless0.016). Clinically, the cumulative failure rate in the criterion marginal integrity was higher for the 1-SE group (baseline 90 M, p=0.011). Similarly, OCT and SEM detected higher percentages of the criterion gap in the 1-SE group ( p: 0.027/0.002), in contrast to perfect margin. Both, gap and perfect margin ranged widely between 0.0% and 88.7% (OCT) and between 0.0% and 89.0% (SEM). CONCLUSION: Despite the positive selection bias after 90 months with only a few patients left, quantitative margin analysis allows for differentiation between the two adhesives at this specific date. OCT in particular offers the possibility to evaluate marginal integrity directly in vivo.

Authors: H. Schneider, A. S. Steigerwald-Otremba, M. Häfer, F. Krause, M. Scholz, R. Haak

Date Published: 1st May 2019

Publication Type: Journal article

Post-mortem in situ stability of serum markers of cerebral damage and acute phase response
Genetical Statistics and Systems Biology

Abstract (Expand)

The aim of the given study was to test the in situ stability of biochemical markers of cerebral damage and acute phase response in the early post-mortem interval to assess their usability for forensic … pathology. A monocentric, prospective study investigated post-mortem femoral venous blood samples at four time points obtained within 48 h post-mortem starting at the death of 20 deceased, using commercial immunoassays for the ten parameters: S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), ferritin, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (sTNFR1), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Significant changes in serum levels were observed only later than 2 h after death for all markers. Inter-laboratory comparability was high, and intra-assay precision was sufficient for most markers. Most of the biomarker levels depended on the severity of hemolysis and lipemia but were robust against freeze-thaw cycles. Serum levels increased with longer post-mortem intervals for S100B, NSE, ferritin, sTNFR1, and LDH (for all p \textless 0.001) but decreased over this period for CRP (p = 0.089) and PCT (p \textless 0.001). Largely unchanged median values were found for GFAP (p = 0.139), BDNF (p = 0.106), and IL-6 (p = 0.094). Serum levels of CRP (p = 0.059) and LDH (p = 0.109) did not differ significantly between the final ante-mortem (resuscitation) and the first post-mortem sample (moment of death). Collecting the post-mortem blood sample as soon as possible will reduce the influence of post-mortem blood changes. Serum GFAP for detection of cerebral damage as well as serum IL-6 and CRP as proof of acute phase response seemed to be preferable due to their in situ stability in the first 2 days after death.

Authors: Benjamin Ondruschka, Lina Woydt, Michael Bernhard, Heike Franke, Holger Kirsten, Sabine Löffler, Dirk Pohlers, Niels Hammer, Jan Dreßler

Date Published: 1st May 2019

Publication Type: Journal article

A modular transcriptome map of mature B cell lymphomas.
GLA - German Lymphoma Alliance, MMML-MYC-SYS, oBIG - omics Bioinformatics for Health

Abstract (Expand)

BACKGROUND: Germinal center-derived B cell lymphomas are tumors of the lymphoid tissues representing one of the most heterogeneous malignancies. Here we characterize the variety of transcriptomic … phenotypes of this disease based on 873 biopsy specimens collected in the German Cancer Aid MMML (Molecular Mechanisms in Malignant Lymphoma) consortium. They include diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), Burkitt's lymphoma, mixed FL/DLBCL lymphomas, primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma, IRF4-rearranged large cell lymphoma, MYC-negative Burkitt-like lymphoma with chr. 11q aberration and mantle cell lymphoma. METHODS: We apply self-organizing map (SOM) machine learning to microarray-derived expression data to generate a holistic view on the transcriptome landscape of lymphomas, to describe the multidimensional nature of gene regulation and to pursue a modular view on co-expression. Expression data were complemented by pathological, genetic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: We present a transcriptome map of B cell lymphomas that allows visual comparison between the SOM portraits of different lymphoma strata and individual cases. It decomposes into one dozen modules of co-expressed genes related to different functional categories, to genetic defects and to the pathogenesis of lymphomas. On a molecular level, this disease rather forms a continuum of expression states than clearly separated phenotypes. We introduced the concept of combinatorial pattern types (PATs) that stratifies the lymphomas into nine PAT groups and, on a coarser level, into five prominent cancer hallmark types with proliferation, inflammation and stroma signatures. Inflammation signatures in combination with healthy B cell and tonsil characteristics associate with better overall survival rates, while proliferation in combination with inflammation and plasma cell characteristics worsens it. A phenotypic similarity tree is presented that reveals possible progression paths along the transcriptional dimensions. Our analysis provided a novel look on the transition range between FL and DLBCL, on DLBCL with poor prognosis showing expression patterns resembling that of Burkitt's lymphoma and particularly on 'double-hit' MYC and BCL2 transformed lymphomas. CONCLUSIONS: The transcriptome map provides a tool that aggregates, refines and visualizes the data collected in the MMML study and interprets them in the light of previous knowledge to provide orientation and support in current and future studies on lymphomas and on other cancer entities.

Authors: H. Loeffler-Wirth, M. Kreuz, L. Hopp, A. Arakelyan, A. Haake, S. B. Cogliatti, A. C. Feller, M. L. Hansmann, D. Lenze, P. Moller, H. K. Muller-Hermelink, E. Fortenbacher, E. Willscher, G. Ott, A. Rosenwald, C. Pott, C. Schwaenen, H. Trautmann, S. Wessendorf, H. Stein, M. Szczepanowski, L. Trumper, M. Hummel, W. Klapper, R. Siebert, M. Loeffler, H. Binder

Date Published: 30th Apr 2019

Publication Type: Not specified

Human Diseases: B-cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma

DNA methylation, transcriptome and genetic copy number signatures of diffuse cerebral WHO grade II/III gliomas resolve cancer heterogeneity and development.
GGN - German Glioma Network

Abstract (Expand)

BACKGROUND: Diffuse lower WHO grade II and III gliomas (LGG) are slowly progressing brain tumors, many of which eventually transform into a more aggressive type. LGG is characterized by widespread … genetic and transcriptional heterogeneity, yet little is known about the heterogeneity of the DNA methylome, its function in tumor biology, coupling with the transcriptome and tumor microenvironment and its possible impact for tumor development. METHODS: We here present novel DNA methylation data of an LGG-cohort collected in the German Glioma Network containing about 85% isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutated tumors and performed a combined bioinformatics analysis using patient-matched genome and transcriptome data. RESULTS: Stratification of LGG based on gene expression and DNA-methylation provided four consensus subtypes. We characterized them in terms of genetic alterations, functional context, cellular composition, tumor microenvironment and their possible impact for treatment resistance and prognosis. Glioma with astrocytoma-resembling phenotypes constitute the largest fraction of nearly 60%. They revealed largest diversity and were divided into four expression and three methylation groups which only partly match each other thus reflecting largely decoupled expression and methylation patterns. We identified a novel G-protein coupled receptor and a cancer-related 'keratinization' methylation signature in in addition to the glioma-CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP) signature. These different signatures overlap and combine in various ways giving rise to diverse methylation and expression patterns that shape the glioma phenotypes. The decrease of global methylation in astrocytoma-like LGG associates with higher WHO grade, age at diagnosis and inferior prognosis. We found analogies between astrocytoma-like LGG with grade IV IDH-wild type tumors regarding possible worsening of treatment resistance along a proneural-to-mesenchymal axis. Using gene signature-based inference we elucidated the impact of cellular composition of the tumors including immune cell bystanders such as macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: Genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic factors act in concert but partly also in a decoupled fashion what underpins the need for integrative, multidimensional stratification of LGG by combining these data on gene and cellular levels to delineate mechanisms of gene (de-)regulation and to enable better patient stratification and individualization of treatment.

Authors: H. Binder, E. Willscher, H. Loeffler-Wirth, L. Hopp, D. T. W. Jones, S. M. Pfister, M. Kreuz, D. Gramatzki, E. Fortenbacher, B. Hentschel, M. Tatagiba, U. Herrlinger, H. Vatter, J. Matschke, M. Westphal, D. Krex, G. Schackert, J. C. Tonn, U. Schlegel, H. J. Steiger, W. Wick, R. G. Weber, M. Weller, M. Loeffler

Date Published: 25th Apr 2019

Publication Type: Not specified

Human Diseases: brain glioma

Necessity of transnasal gastroscopy in routine diagnostics: a patient-centred requirement analysis
Genetical Statistics and Systems Biology

Abstract (Expand)

Introduction Numerous indications require regular upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (oesophagogastroduodenoscopy; EGD) in outpatients. In most cases, peroral gastroscopy is performed. The aim of this …s study was to evaluate the need of transnasal gastroscopy (nEGD) in outpatients. Methods A questionnaire was used to assess patients’ preferred choice of method, previous experience with EGD, psychological aspects and sociodemographic data. Furthermore, patient satisfaction with and potentially perceived discomfort during the examination as well as preference for a method in regard to future examinations was evaluated. Results From September 2016 to March 2017, a total of 283 outpatients at endoscopy of the University Hospital of Leipzig were approached to participate in the study. 196 patients were eligible, of whom 116 (60%) chose nEGD. For 87 patients (87/283, 31%) nEGD had to be excluded for medical reasons. The average age in the total sample was 53 (\pm17) years. 147 (77%) have had previous experience with peroral EGD (oEGD). Of the nEGD examined patients 83% were fairly up to extremely satisfied with the procedure. Satisfaction significantly predicted the choice of future EGD examinations. Nasal pain experienced during nEGDs was associated with rejection of nEGD in further EGD examinations (p\textless0.01). Patients who did choose a specific procedure were more likely to select the same procedure as their future preference (\textgreekq^2= 73.6, df=1, p\textless0.001); this preference was unaffected by the procedure that had been chosen previously (reselecting nEGD: 84%, oEGD: 89%, p=0.874). Conclusion nEGD without sedation is a viable alternative. Patient satisfaction with nEGD is high, and reselection rate for nEGD is similar to that for oEGD. As a result of this study nEGD is now offered as a routine procedure at the University of Leipzig. Trial registration number NCT03663491.

Authors: Anna-Livia Schuldt, Holger Kirsten, Jan Tuennemann, Mario Heindl, Florian van Bommel, Juergen Feisthammel, Marcus Hollenbach, Albrecht Hoffmeister

Date Published: 14th Apr 2019

Publication Type: Journal article

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