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1004 Publications visible to you, out of a total of 1004
AURKA F31I polymorphism and breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: a consortium of investigators of modifiers of BRCA1/2 study
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Abstract (Expand)

The AURKA oncogene is associated with abnormal chromosome segregation and aneuploidy and predisposition to cancer. Amplification of AURKA has been detected at higher frequency in tumors from BRCA1 and … BRCA2 mutation carriers than in sporadic breast tumors, suggesting that overexpression of AURKA and inactivation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 cooperate during tumor development and progression. The F31I polymorphism in AURKA has been associated with breast cancer risk in the homozygous state in prior studies. We evaluated whether the AURKA F31I polymorphism modifies breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2. Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 was established to provide sufficient statistical power through increased numbers of mutation carriers to identify polymorphisms that act as modifiers of cancer risk and can refine breast cancer risk estimates in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. A total of 4,935 BRCA1 and 2,241 BRCA2 mutation carriers and 11 individuals carrying both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations was genotyped for F31I. Overall, homozygosity for the 31I allele was not significantly associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers combined [hazard ratio (HR), 0.91; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.77-1.06]. Similarly, no significant association was seen in BRCA1 (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.75-1.08) or BRCA2 carriers (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.67-1.29) or when assessing the modifying effects of either bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy or menopausal status of BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers. In summary, the F31I polymorphism in AURKA is not associated with a modified risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers.

Authors: Fergus J. Couch, Olga Sinilnikova, Robert A. Vierkant, V. Shane Pankratz, Zachary S. Fredericksen, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, Isabelle Coupier, David Hughes, Agnès Hardouin, Pascaline Berthet, Susan Peock, Margaret Cook, Caroline Baynes, Shirley Hodgson, Patrick J. Morrison, Mary E. Porteous, Anna Jakubowska, Jan Lubinski, Jacek Gronwald, Amanda B. Spurdle, Rita Schmutzler, Beatrix Versmold, Christoph Engel, Alfons Meindl, Christian Sutter, Jurgen Horst, Dieter Schaefer, Kenneth Offit, Tomas Kirchhoff, Irene L. Andrulis, Eduard Ilyushik, Gordon Glendon, Peter Devilee, Maaike P. G. Vreeswijk, Hans F. A. Vasen, Ake Borg, Katja Backenhorn, Jeffery P. Struewing, Mark H. Greene, Susan L. Neuhausen, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Katherine Nathanson, Susan Domchek, Theresa Wagner, Judy E. Garber, Csilla Szabo, Michal Zikan, Lenka Foretova, Janet E. Olson, Thomas A. Sellers, Noralane Lindor, Heli Nevanlinna, Johanna Tommiska, Kristiina Aittomaki, Ute Hamann, Muhammad U. Rashid, Diana Torres, Jacques Simard, Francine Durocher, Frederic Guenard, Henry T. Lynch, Claudine Isaacs, Jeffrey Weitzel, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, Steven Narod, Mary B. Daly, Andrew K. Godwin, Gail Tomlinson, Douglas F. Easton, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Antonis C. Antoniou

Date Published: 1st Jul 2007

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

Bortezomib sensitizes primary human astrocytoma cells of WHO grades I to IV for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis
Genetical Statistics and Systems Biology

Abstract (Expand)

PURPOSE\backslashr\backslashnMalignant gliomas are the most aggressive human brain tumors without any curative treatment. The antitumor effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand … (TRAIL) in gliomas has thus far only been thoroughly established in tumor cell lines. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of TRAIL in primary human glioma cells.\backslashr\backslashnEXPERIMENTAL DESIGN\backslashr\backslashnWe isolated primary tumor cells from 13 astrocytoma and oligoastrocytoma patients of all four WHO grades of malignancy and compared the levels of TRAIL-induced apoptosis induction, long-term tumor cell survival, caspase, and caspase target cleavage.\backslashr\backslashnRESULTS\backslashr\backslashnWe established a stable culture model for isolated primary human glioma cells. In contrast to cell lines, isolated primary tumor cells from all investigated glioma patients were highly TRAIL resistant. Regardless of the tumor heterogeneity, cotreatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib efficiently sensitized all primary glioma samples for TRAIL-induced apoptosis and tremendously reduced their clonogenic survival. Due to the pleiotropic effect of bortezomib-enhanced TRAIL DISC formation upon TRAIL triggering, down-regulation of cFLIP(L) and activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway seem to cooperatively contribute to the antitumor effect of bortezomib/TRAIL cotreatment.\backslashr\backslashnCONCLUSION\backslashr\backslashnTRAIL sensitivity of tumor cell lines is not a reliable predictor for the behavior of primary tumor cells. The widespread TRAIL resistance in primary glioma cells described here questions the therapeutic clinical benefit of TRAIL as a monotherapeutic agent. Overcoming TRAIL resistance by bortezomib cotreatment might, however, provide a powerful therapeutic option for glioma patients.

Authors: Ronald Koschny, Heidrun Holland, Jaromir Sykora, Tobias L. Haas, Martin R. Sprick, Tom M. Ganten, Wolfgang Krupp, Manfred Bauer, Peter Ahnert, Jürgen Meixensberger, Henning Walczak

Date Published: 1st Jun 2007

Publication Type: Journal article

Evaluation of the invasion front pattern of squamous cell cervical carcinoma by measuring classical and discrete compactness.
ProstataCA

Abstract (Expand)

The invasion front pattern of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a conspicuous histological phenomenon, which is assessed without precise criteria. The current study was performed to introduce the classical … (C(C)) and discrete compactness (C(D)) as new morphometric parameters for quantification of this pattern. A retrospective analysis of 76 surgically treated patients with cervical carcinoma was conducted and the pattern of invasion was qualitatively classified as closed, finger-like or diffuse, respectively, by two pathologists. After digitization of the histological slides with a field of view of 10.4 mm x 8.3mm, tumor areas were labeled and C(C) and C(D) were computed based on the drawings (binary images). Additionally, intraindividual variation of compactness was evaluated for 12 selected tumors. The qualitative pattern assessment by the pathologists was moderately reproducible with an interobserver agreement of 72% and a kappa coefficient of 0.44. The values of C(C) and C(D) referring to the invasion front patterns assigned by both pathologists were significantly different between the three classified groups (p< or =0.01 and p< or =0.0001), so that, both theoretically and in practice, compactness regards the same morphological feature. In due consideration of the analysis of the area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves and the variation coefficient of different tumor regions, C(D) is more suitable for practical use than C(C). Tumors with a microscopic invasion into the parametria and with lymph-vascular space invasion were found to have a lower value of C(D), which indicates a more diffuse pattern of invasion (p=0.028 and p=0.033). We conclude that the discrete compactness C(D) is a new and reproducible parameter for a computer assisted quantification of the invasion front pattern and, thus, defines a further phenotypic feature of SCC of the uterine cervix.

Authors: J. Einenkel, U. D. Braumann, L. C. Horn, N. Pannicke, J. P. Kuska, A. Schutz, B. Hentschel, M. Hockel

Date Published: 25th May 2007

Publication Type: Not specified

Human Diseases: cervical cancer

Epidemiology of sepsis in Germany: results from a national prospective multicenter study
SepNet - German Competence Network Sepsis

Abstract (Expand)

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and mortality of ICU patients with severe sepsis in Germany, with consideration of hospital size. DESIGN Prospective, observational, cross-sectional 1-day …day point-prevalence study. SETTING 454 ICUs from a representative nationwide sample of 310 hospitals stratified by size. Data were collected via 1-day on-site audits by trained external study physicians. Visits were randomly distributed over 1 year (2003). PATIENTS Inflammatory response of all ICU patients was assessed using the ACCP/SCCM consensus conference criteria. Patients with severe sepsis were followed up after 3 months for hospital mortality and length of ICU stay. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Main outcome measures were prevalence and mortality. A total of 3,877 patients were screened. Prevalence was 12.4% (95% CI, 10.9-13.8%) for sepsis and 11.0% (95% CI, 9.7-12.2%) for severe sepsis including septic shock. The ICU and hospital mortality of patients with severe sepsis was 48.4 and 55.2%, respectively, without significant differences between hospital size. Prevalence and mean length of ICU stay of patients with severe sepsis were significantly higher in larger hospitals and universities (\textless/= 200 beds: 6% and 11.5 days, universities: 19% and 19.2 days, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The expected number of newly diagnosed cases with severe sepsis in Germany amounts to 76-110 per 100,000 adult inhabitants. To allow better comparison between countries, future epidemiological studies should use standardized study methodologies with respect to sepsis definitions, hospital size, and daily and monthly variability.

Authors: Christoph Engel, Frank M. Brunkhorst, Hans-Georg Bone, Reinhard Brunkhorst, Herwig Gerlach, Stefan Grond, Matthias Gruendling, Guenter Huhle, Ulrich Jaschinski, Stefan John, Konstantin Mayer, Michael Oppert, Derk Olthoff, Michael Quintel, Max Ragaller, Rolf Rossaint, Frank Stuber, Norbert Weiler, Tobias Welte, Holger Bogatsch, Christiane Hartog, Markus Loeffler, Konrad Reinhart

Date Published: 23rd Mar 2007

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: disease by infectious agent

Robustness of single-base extension against mismatches at the site of primer attachment in a clinical assay
Genetical Statistics and Systems Biology

Abstract (Expand)

DNA genotyping is important for epidemiological and clinical studies and diagnosis for individuals. Genotyping error can strongly influence the outcome of such investigations. One possible reason for … genotyping error is additional DNA sequence variation, which can lead to allelic dropout. Based on a published study where allelic dropout occurred in genotyping the cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIB polymorphism by a TaqMan-based method, we investigated the susceptibility of the single-base extension (SBE)-based GenoSNIP method to additional sequence variation at the primer attachment site. SBE genotyping was applied to 147 patient samples with known alleles and to synthetic SBE templates. Variables were positions of nucleotide mismatches, yield of SBE reactions, primer design, and ratio of alleles in the template. No allelic dropout occurred when genotyping the TaqIB polymorphism regardless of the reported nucleotide mismatch. Yields of SBE assays critical for allelic dropout were decreased in the presence of the reported nucleotide mismatch depending on SBE assay design. In a systematic mutation scan, only the position immediately adjacent to the polymorphism caused allelic dropout under standard conditions. Depending on SBE assay design, changes in allelic ratio due to a nucleotide mismatch were similar in appearance to changes due to sample mixture or copy number variation. In conclusion, we found the SBE genotyping assays to be relatively robust against interfering DNA variations. The importance of appropriate design and validation of assays, especially in regard to critical yields and potentially interfering nucleotide mismatches, should be emphasized particularly in clinical settings. Care should be taken when interpreting observed changes in the allelic ratio, which could be caused by nucleotide mismatches, sample mixtures, or copy number variation.

Authors: Holger Kirsten, Daniel Teupser, Jana Weissfuss, Grit Wolfram, Frank Emmrich, Peter Ahnert

Date Published: 20th Mar 2007

Publication Type: Journal article

Comprehensive cytogenetic characterization of an esthesioneuroblastoma
Genetical Statistics and Systems Biology

Abstract (Expand)

Esthesioneuroblastoma is a malignant neuroectodermal tumor originating from olfactory epithelial cells in the nasal vault. Due to the rarity of this tumor entity, cytogenetic data are very limited. … Therefore, we performed comprehensive cytogenetic analyses of an esthesioneuroblastoma, Hyam’s grade III-IV, using trypsin-Giemsa staining (GTG banding), multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH), and locus-specific FISH complemented by molecular karyotyping using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. GTG banding of 25 metaphases revealed 54 structural intrachromosomal aberrations, predominantly located on 2q, 6q, 21q, and 22q, which were confirmed by FISH analysis. Interestingly, we found two novel, so far not described deletions, del(2)(q37) and del(21)(q22). Using GTG banding, locus-specific FISH, and M-FISH, we detected numeric changes of chromosomes 5, 17, 19, and 22, as well as trisomy 8 at low frequency. Applying SNP array karyotyping, we confirmed the chromosomal aberrations del(2)(q37.3), del(3)(q27.2), del(10)(q26.11), chromosomal imbalance on 17q, del(21)(q22), and revealed a number of so far unknown aberrations (gain of 2q14.3, 13q33.3, and 13q34). While the cytogenetically revealed low frequency mosaic del(6)(q22q24) was not visible using SNP array karyotyping, some of the smaller imbalances (SNP array data) could not have been detected by classic cytogenetic analysis. Therefore, our study supports the usefulness of applying complementary methods for cytogenetic analysis.

Authors: Heidrun Holland, Ronald Koschny, Wolfgang Krupp, Jürgen Meixensberger, Manfred Bauer, Holger Kirsten, Peter Ahnert

Date Published: 1st Mar 2007

Publication Type: Journal article

Beneficial effects of a 4-week exercise program on plasma concentrations of adhesion molecules
Genetical Statistics and Systems Biology

Abstract

Not specified

Authors: Anke Tönjes, Markus Scholz, Mathias Fasshauer, Jürgen Kratzsch, Fauci Rassoul, Michael Stumvoll, Matthias Blüher

Date Published: 27th Feb 2007

Publication Type: Journal article

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