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142 Publications visible to you, out of a total of 142
Obesity Associated Cerebral Gray and White Matter Alterations Are Interrelated in the Female Brain.
LIFE Adult

Abstract (Expand)

Obesity is known to affect the brain's gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) structure but the interrelationship of such changes remains unclear. Here we used T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging … (MRI) in combination with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to assess the relationship between obesity-associated alterations of gray matter density (GMD) and anisotropic water diffusion in WM, respectively. In a small cohort of lean to obese women, we confirmed previous reports of obesity-associated alterations of GMD in brain regions involved in executive control (i.e., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, DLPFC) and habit learning (i.e., dorsal striatum). Gray matter density alterations of the DLPFC were negatively correlated with radial diffusivity in the entire corpus callosum. Within the genu of the corpus callosum we found a positive correlation with axial diffusivity. In posterior region and inferior areas of the body of the corpus callosum, axial diffusivity correlated negatively with altered GMD in the dorsal striatum. These findings suggest that, in women, obesity-related alterations of GMD in brain regions involved in executive control and habit learning might relate to alterations of associated WM fiber bundles within the corpus callosum.

Authors: K. Mueller, A. Horstmann, H. E. Moller, A. Anwander, J. Lepsien, M. L. Schroeter, A. Villringer, B. Pleger

Date Published: 11th Dec 2014

Publication Type: Not specified

Human Diseases: obesity

Identifying neural correlates of memory and language disturbances in herpes simplex encephalitis: a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) study.
LIFE Adult

Abstract (Expand)

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a severe neurological disease that often leads to persistent cognitive deficits in survivors. Memory and naming impairments have been reported most, although direct … association between memory and naming performance and disease-related atrophy has not yet been demonstrated in vivo for a larger sample of patients. In the present work, a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was conducted on 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 13 HSE survivors. The gray matter density values were correlated with scores indicating verbal memory decline, as well as errors/omissions in picture naming; both were obtained through neuropsychological assessment. Analysis of individual lesion patterns revealed a considerable inter-individual variability, mainly with atrophy in the basal forebrain, adjacent frontal cortex, medial and lateral temporal cortex, insula and thalamus. The neuropsychological data analysis revealed correlation between verbal memory decline and atrophy especially in the left hippocampal region, whereas naming problems were associated with gray matter loss especially in the lateral temporal lobe, the thalamus and the left insula. These results confirm, for the first time, the assumptions of earlier studies about the considerable variability of individual lesion patterns in HSE in a whole-brain approach in vivo, and thus the anatomical validity of VBM.

Authors: S. Frisch, F. Thiel, A. Marschhauser, A. Villringer, A. Horstmann, M. L. Schroeter

Date Published: 10th Dec 2014

Publication Type: Not specified

Human Diseases: viral encephalitis

Risk of dementia in older adults with low versus high occupation-based motivational processes: differential impact of frequency and proximity of social network.
LIFE Adult

Abstract (Expand)

OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the impact of occupation-based motivational processes and social network variables on the incidence of dementia over 8 years. METHOD: Data were derived from the … Leipzig Longitudinal Study of the Aged (LEILA75+), a population-based longitudinal study of individuals aged 75 years and older (n=1692 at baseline). Motivational processes were estimated based on the main occupation using the Occupational Information Network database. RESULTS: In a Cox proportional hazard model, motivational processes were not associated with the risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74-1.16). Individuals with a higher frequency of social contact at baseline had a significantly lower risk of dementia (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99), while proximity of social contacts was not linked to the risk of dementia (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.98-1.08). In individuals with low indices of motivational processes, the frequency of social contacts was associated with a lower risk of dementia (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.88-1.00). On the other hand, proximity of social contacts was linked to a higher risk of dementia in individuals with high indices of motivational processes (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.19). DISCUSSION: Results indicate that the frequency and proximity of social contacts have a differential impact on the risk of dementia according to lower or higher indices of motivational processes, while the impact of motivational processes on risk of dementia could not be confirmed. Future studies should carefully disentangle different aspects of social interactions and their association with motivational processes.

Authors: S. Fankhauser, S. Forstmeier, A. Maercker, M. Luppa, T. Luck, S. G. Riedel-Heller

Date Published: 29th Nov 2014

Publication Type: Not specified

Human Diseases: dementia

Association of the apolipoprotein E genotype with memory performance and executive functioning in cognitively intact elderly.
LIFE Adult

Abstract (Expand)

OBJECTIVE: To test for a possible effect of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE epsilon4) allele on memory performance and executive functioning (EF) in cognitively intact elderly. METHOD: The authors … studied 202 randomly selected and cognitively intact older adults (65+ years) of the Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases Health Care Study. Intact global cognitive functioning was defined using a Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score >/= 28. Performance in memory was assessed with the CERAD Word List and Constructional Praxis Recall, performance in EF with the Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B). Multivariable linear regressions were used to evaluate the association between cognitive performance and APOE status, controlled for covariates. RESULTS: Among the cognitively intact older adults, 21.3% (n = 43) were carriers of the APOE epsilon4 allele. Carriers did not differ significantly from noncarriers in terms of age, gender, intelligence level, or performance in memory but showed a significantly lower TMT-B performance as a measure of EF (TMT-B M time/SD = 105.6/36.2 vs. 91.9/32.7 s; Mann-Whitney U = 4,313.000; p = .009). The association between lower TMT-B performance and APOE epsilon4 genotype remained significant in multivariable linear regression analysis. Similar findings were found for the subsample of those 78 elderly, who reached a perfect MMSE-score of 30. CONCLUSIONS: A lower EF performance in cognitively intact older APOE epsilon4 allele carriers might be related to an early Alzheimer's dementia (AD) prodrome. In this case, a stronger focus on first subtle changes in EF may help to improve early AD detection in those being at genetic risk.

Authors: T. Luck, F. S. Then, M. Luppa, M. L. Schroeter, K. Arelin, R. Burkhardt, J. Thiery, M. Loffler, A. Villringer, S. G. Riedel-Heller

Date Published: 4th Nov 2014

Publication Type: Not specified

Spatial Analysis of Anthropometric and Lifestyle Data for Children and Adolescents
LIFE Child

Abstract (Expand)

LIFE Child is an epidemiological cohort study at the Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Dis-eases (University of Leipzig). A main goal of LIFE Child is to study the influence of environment and … lifestyle factors to the development of children and adolescent in and near Leipzig. In particu-lar, we search for predominant aspects in the development of children with obesity. Typically, data is analyzed by different statistical methods and approaches to find (perhaps multi-variate) pre-dominant markers. Additionally, we map selected data to geographical maps to study their spatial distribution over urban districts of Leipzig, on the one hand. This allows to compara-tively analyze anthropometric measurements, such as age- and gender-corrected height, weight, and body mass index, together with further participant-related data including social indicators, e.g., in-come, education, socio economic indexes and lifestyle data, to distinguish city districts with a high correlation to those with low or no correlation. On the other hand, we associate anthropometric measurements with publicly available data, such as official statistics including district-specific un-employment rates and inhabitant densities by taking the participant's place of living into account. We developed a spatial analysis pipeline of anthropometric and lifestyle data according to Leipzig city districts. While cohort and publicly available data is managed by a database system, the analysis pipeline is implemented by dedicated R scripts. The sample is with more than 2,500 children large enough for first analyses. … Our first results show that unemployment of parents could be a factor for obesity of children especially in districts with low social index.

Authors: M. Vogel, A. Kiel, M. Rühle, Toralf Kirsten, M. Geserick, R. Gausche, G. Grande, D. Molis, U. Igel, S. Alvanides, W. Kiess

Date Published: 1st Nov 2014

Publication Type: Not specified

Data Quality Control and Data Analysis of Body-Scanner Measurement Values in Children and Adolescents
LIFE Child

Abstract (Expand)

Introduction LIFE child as a part of the 'Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases' is a longitudinal cohort study aiming, inter alia, at monitoring normal development in children and … adolescents from fetal life to adulthood. As an important part of the study, anthropometric dimensions are measured via classic methods, e.g. stadiometer or tape measure (ca. 15 items), but also via 3D body scanner technology (ca. 150 items). Because of missing standards data quality control and analysis of the latter one is a particular challenge. Methods We address the problem of absent reference values by using the data itself as a reference sample. Applying the LMS-method using the VGAM/GAMLSS packages [XXX] on a reference sample which is large enough results in age and gender corrected standard deviation scores (SDS) respectively percentile curves. A combination of variable clustering and clustering of values using these SDS is applied to the detect groups of dependend variables and peculiar cases respectively. Results In LIFE child the current reference sample consists of around 4000 scans of 1700 children. The age dependend l, m, and s values for each item are generated by dedicated R-routines and stored in a relational database system. The transformation algorithm by Cole is implemented as database function and dynamically applied on all associated raw data. Conspiciuous values can be detected using the SDS itself or the SDS in comparison with the belonging variable cluster and/or taking into account the follow-up data of the respective participant. These values can be reported and visualized using automated routines.

Authors: M. Vogel, A.L. Fischer, C. Bucher, W. Kiess, Toralf Kirsten

Date Published: 1st Nov 2014

Publication Type: Not specified

Frontomedian cortex is central for moral deficits in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia.
LIFE Adult

Abstract

Not specified

Authors: M. L. Schroeter, D. Bzdok, S. B. Eickhoff, J. Neumann

Date Published: 25th Sep 2014

Publication Type: Not specified

Human Diseases: frontotemporal dementia

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